Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berriesfrom certain Coffea species. The genusCoffea is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) andMadagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, andRéunion in the Indian Ocean.[2] Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are C. arabica and C. robusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as "beans") are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and then brewedwith near-boiling water to produce the beverage known as coffee.
Coffee is darkly colored, bitter, slightly acidicand has a stimulating effect in humans, primarily due to its caffeine content.[3] It is one of the most popular drinks in the world,[4]and it can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press,café latte). It is usually served hot, althoughiced coffee is a popular alternative. Clinical studies indicate that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption lowers the risk of some diseases, although those long-term studies are of generally poor quality.[5]
The earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in modern-day Yemen insouthern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines.[6] It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a similar way to how it is now prepared. But the coffee seeds had to be first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as theCoffea arabica plant is thought to have beenindigenous to the former.[7] The Yemenis obtained their coffee via Somali traders fromBerbera (who in turn procured the beans from the Ethiopian Highlands) and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, the drink had reached Persia, Turkey, and North Africa. From there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world.
Comments
Post a Comment